Endocrine Glands and the Hormones the secrete and produce

Back to the Endocrine Glands and the hormones they produce and secrete.
Pituitary Gland, also known as the master gland, has two separate lobes, the posterior pituitary and the anterior pituitary.
Posterior Pituitary contains axons and axon terminals, the posterior pituitary does not produce any hormones but it does release hormones that are synthesized by the hypothalamus. It stores and releases two hormones
1. Oxytocin (OT) – helps with labor and birth
2. Antidiuretic Hormone (ADH)
Anterior Pituitary Releases hormones stimulated by Releasing Hormones (RH) and suppressed hormones by Inhibiting Hormones (IH). The following are the hormones that are located (produced) and secreted by the Anterior Pituitary.
1. Human Growth Hormone (hGH) – This hormone is the most abundant in the anterior pituitary
2. Thyroid-Stimulating Hormone (TSH) or Thyrotropin – stimulate the synthesis and secretion of the two thyroid hormones T3 and T4
T3 - Triiodothyronine
T4 – Thyroxine
3. Follicle-Stimulating Hormone (FSH)
4. Luteinizing Hormones (LH) – triggers ovulation in women and the secretion of testosterone in men
5. Prolactin (PRL) – initiates and maintains milk secretion by the mammary glands
6. Adrenocorticotropic Hormone (ACTH) or Corticotropin – controls the production and secretion of the glucocorticoids which is primarily cortisol by the adrenal cortex of the adrenal gland
7. Melanocyte-Stimulating Hormone (MSH)- skin pigmentation and has an influence on the brain
The Thyroid Gland produces two hormones
1. T3 – Triiodthyronine
2. T4 – Thyrooxine
In addition a few cells called parafollicular cells produce calcitonin which helps regulate calcium level and calcium homeostasis.
The Parathyroid Glands – Have Chief cells that produce
1. Parathyroid Hormone (PTH) – this is the major regulator of the levels of calcium, magnesium and phosphate ions.
The Adrenal Glands have two structural and functional regions
1. Adrenal Cortex which is the outer layer and produces steroid hormones
It has three layers
1. Outer – hormone –mineralocorticoid (aldosterone) – regulates homeostasis of the two mineral ions
1. Sodium ions
2. Potassium ions
2. Middle – Hormone –Glucocorticoids – regulates metabolism and resistance to stress
1. Cortisol
2. Corticosterone
3. Cortisone
3. Inner – Androgen – Steroid Hormones – Stimulated by ACTH
The Pancreas which is both and endocrine gland and an exocrine gland, the pancreatic Islets secrete two hormones.
1. Alpha Cells secrete glucagons
2. Beta Cells secrete insulin
The Gonads are located in the ovaries of a woman and the testes of a man. The female produces two hormones
1. Estrogen
2. Progesterone – which are both responsible for regulating female reproductive cycle and maintain pregnancy, along with preparing the mammary glands for lactation. In addition these two hormones influence the development of secondary sex characteristics.
The male produces one hormone
1. Testosterone – This is the primary androgen of the male sex hormone along with influencing the development of secondary sex characteristics.
The Pineal Gland – secretes one hormone
1. Melatonin – This helps with the setting of the body’s biological clock